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The possessive determiners for 1st and 2nd person and the 3rd person reflexive have the strong adjectival inflection. The singular forms minn, þinn, sinn are similar to the definite article, except that the root i is lengthened before a single -n, and the neuter singular nominative/accusative has a double t . In the dual forms okkarr and ykkarr, the second vowel a changes to u under u-umlaut in the nominative feminine singular and the nominative/accusative neuter plural. Before a suffix starting with a vowel, the a is lost under contraction.

The nominative is engi in both the masculine and the feminine, and ekki in the neuter (also accusative). The masculine and neuter genitive is enskis. The other forms are like regular adjectives. This word also appears with the stem øngv-. 2 The weak adjectival declension There are two weak adjectival declensions, one for adjectives in the positive and the superlative (Weak 1), and one for adjectives in the comparative and for present participles (Weak 2). (i) The Weak 1 declension In the singular, the forms of this declension come from the weak a-class (masculine), u-class (feminine), and neuter class.

The underlying a turns up only in the genitive singular and plural, where the suffixes are -ar and -a, respectively. Below is the complete paradigm for vollr ‘field’: N A D G Singular Plural vollr voll velli vallar vellir vollu vollum valla The u-class includes common nouns such as bollr ‘ball’, goltr ‘hog’, vottr ‘glove’, orn ‘eagle’. The underlying root vowel is short a. Since a long á was eventually rounded throughout (cf. 2) it did not change under u-umlaut: háttr ‘way, manner’, áss ‘god’. Nouns with other vowels without u-umlaut include friðr ‘peace’, litr ‘colour’, verðr ‘meal’.